The history of urological diseases goes back to remote times. Urological disorders have troubled patients since antiquity. Some of those diseases were already subject to short comments by early medical authors. Hippocratic writings which date back to the 5th century B.C. described testicular cancer as a very serious disease. In the 16th century, the “anatomical” view of the body, mainly encouraged by Andreas Vesalius and his anatomical atlas On the Fabric of the Human Body, constituted a milestone in the better understanding of certain processes inside the living human being.

As medical knowledge increased over the centuries, many urological diseases were described, However, most of the targeted research and classification did not start until the late 19th century. The treatment of urological infections has undergone a revolutionary transformation since the introduction of antibiotics during the 20th century.